Frost Damage

About this condition

Tissue damage caused by freezing temperatures or frost, which ice the water inside plant cells and destroy leaf and stem tissue — symptoms often become apparent only after thawing.

Common symptoms

Leaves become water-soaked in appearance and turn translucent or soft
After thawing, the plant remains collapsed and does not recover
Affected areas turn brown to black and dry out or die
Cacti may develop sunken, discolored patches on their surface

Common causes

Prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures outdoors or in unheated spaces
Direct contact with frost or ice on the plant
Delayed action in response to sudden temperature drops
Cold-sensitive species left outdoors or unprotected through winter

Prevention (growing conditions & routine care)

Bring plants indoors or under frost-free cover when temperatures are forecast to drop below 5°C. Keep cold-sensitive species indoors throughout winter. Protect plants with fleece or similar cover during sudden cold snaps.

When to see a vet

Consider acting within a few days

What can a nursery or grower do?

Specialist nurseries can assess frost damage severity, advise on which parts may recover, and guide on setting up appropriate warm, dry conditions. Species-specific cold hardiness and overwintering methods can also be discussed.

Related columns

The same problem in other plants

Foliage PlantsCold Damage / Chilling Injury AgaveCold Damage / Frost Injury Caudex PlantsCold Damage