Source: Wikimedia Commons
Zelkova
IntermediateZelkova serrata
The signature broom-style bonsai tree. Fan-shaped fine branching is its greatest charm. The winter silhouette after leaf drop is considered the pinnacle of bonsai aesthetics.
About
Zelkova is a genus of six species of deciduous trees in the elm family Ulmaceae, native to southern Europe, and southwest and eastern Asia. They vary in size from shrubs to large trees up to 35 m (115 ft) tall. The bark is smooth, dark brown. Unlike elms, the branchlets are never corky or winged. The leaves are alternate, with serrated margins, and a symmetrical base to the leaf blade. The leaves are in two distinct rows; they have pinnate venation and each vein extends to the leaf margin, where it terminates in a tooth. There are two stipules at each node, though these are caducous, leaving a pair of scars at the leaf base. Zelkova is polygamous. Staminate flowers are clustered in the lower leaf axils of young branchlets; the perianth is campanulate, with four to six lobes, and the stamens are short. Pistillate and hermaphrodite flowers are solitary, or rarely in clusters of two to four, in the upper leaf axils of young branchlets. The fruit is a dry, nut-like drupe with a dorsal keel, produced singly in the leaf axils. The perianth and stigma are persistent.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Basic Info
Origin
Southern Europe, western Asia, and eastern Asia
Lifespan
Centuries (50+ years as bonsai)
Size
10-80cm (bonsai size)
Temperature
-5〜35℃
Watering & Fertilizer
−
Growing Tips
Placement
Outdoor in sun. Keep outdoors in winter for cold exposure
Watering
Loves water. Excessive drying causes branch dieback
Styling
Broom style is standard. Remove unwanted branches early
Notes
Thick branch wounds heal poorly. Set structure while young
Zelkova FAQ
QWhat is the growing difficulty level for Zelkova?
Intermediate. A variety suitable for intermediate growers. Requires some cultivation experience and knowledge of environment management. Pay careful attention to temperature and humidity control.
QWhat is the ideal temperature for Zelkova?
The ideal temperature for Zelkova is -5〜35℃. Avoid sudden temperature changes and maintain a stable environment.
QWhat is the lifespan of Zelkova?
The average lifespan of Zelkova is Centuries (50+ years as bonsai). With proper cultivation environment and nutrient management, you can keep it healthy for a long time.
QHow large does Zelkova get?
The mature size of Zelkova is 10-80cm (bonsai size). This may vary slightly depending on cultivation environment and individual differences.
QHow should I water and fertilize Zelkova?
Zelkova: watering & fertilizer — −. Aim for appropriate frequency and amount.
QWhat is the typical price for Zelkova?
The price of Zelkova varies significantly by variety, characteristics, size, and lineage. Please check ボタちょく's price guide for the latest market information.
Last updated: June 24, 2026
Growing Specifications
- USDA Zone
- 5–8
Sources: UF/IFAS: Zelkova serrata
References & Sources
Edited & verified by: BoTachoku Editorial Team
The classifications, regulations, and growing data on this page are created and verified based on the primary information database below.
Taxonomy & Authority
Accepted name: Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino
Synonyms: Zelkova japonica Dippel, Ulmus keaki Jacob-Makoy, Zelkova keaki (K.Koch) Maxim., Zelkova acuminata (Lindl.) Planch., Zelkova stipulacea Franch. & Sav., Ulmus keia-ki Planch.
Authority databases: GBIF · POWO
Nomenclature follows global taxonomic authority databases.
Regulations & Conservation Status
Sources: CITES Checklist of CITES Species
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
Related Species
Find listings for this species
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