Source: Wikimedia Commons
Japanese Black Pine
AdvancedPinus thunbergii
The ultimate bonsai classic. Rugged bark and powerful branching are its greatest appeal. Faster than white pine; advanced techniques like bud cutting create refined canopies. Challenging but supremely rewarding.
About
Pinus thunbergii, commonly known as Japanese black pine or Kuro matsu, is a pine native to the coastal areas of Japan and South Korea. Called the 'emperor of bonsai,' it is one of the most important species in Japanese bonsai tradition, known for its strong, vigorous character, dark gray furrowed bark, and sharp paired needles. The signature bonsai technique for this species is 'candle cutting' (mekiri), performed in June by removing new growth to encourage a second flush of shorter, more compact needles. It demands full direct sunlight and is best grown outdoors year-round.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Basic Info
Origin
Coastal areas of Japan and South Korea
Lifespan
Centuries (50+ years as bonsai)
Size
15-100cm (bonsai size)
Temperature
-10〜35℃
Watering & Fertilizer
Generous solid organic fertilizer in spring and fall
Growing Tips
Placement
Outdoor in full sun. More sunlight is always better
Bud Cutting
Cut new shoots at base in June — forces shorter second-flush needles. Advanced technique
Watering
Keep on the dry side. Overwatering causes leggy growth
Notes
Watch for pine caterpillars and needle cast. Regular spraying needed
Japanese Black Pine FAQ
QWhat is the growing difficulty level for Japanese Black Pine?
Advanced. A variety suitable for advanced growers. Requires advanced cultivation techniques and specialized equipment, with careful environmental adjustments needed.
QWhat is the ideal temperature for Japanese Black Pine?
The ideal temperature for Japanese Black Pine is -10〜35℃. Avoid sudden temperature changes and maintain a stable environment.
QWhat is the lifespan of Japanese Black Pine?
The average lifespan of Japanese Black Pine is Centuries (50+ years as bonsai). With proper cultivation environment and nutrient management, you can keep it healthy for a long time.
QHow large does Japanese Black Pine get?
The mature size of Japanese Black Pine is 15-100cm (bonsai size). This may vary slightly depending on cultivation environment and individual differences.
QHow should I water and fertilize Japanese Black Pine?
Japanese Black Pine: watering & fertilizer — Generous solid organic fertilizer in spring and fall. Aim for appropriate frequency and amount.
QWhat is the typical price for Japanese Black Pine?
The price of Japanese Black Pine varies significantly by variety, characteristics, size, and lineage. Please check ボタちょく's price guide for the latest market information.
Last updated: June 24, 2026
Growing Specifications
- USDA Zone
- 5–9
- Hardiness (RHS)
- H7
Sources: RHS: Pinus thunbergii
References & Sources
Edited & verified by: BoTachoku Editorial Team
The classifications, regulations, and growing data on this page are created and verified based on the primary information database below.
Taxonomy & Authority
Regulations & Conservation Status
Sources: CITES Checklist of CITES Species
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
Related Species
Find listings for this species
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