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Pygmy water lily (Nymphaea tetragona)

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Pygmy water lily

Intermediate

Nymphaea tetragona

Japan's only native water lily, bearing small white flowers 3–7 cm across on the water surface, with red-purple leaf undersides. Its name refers to the 'hour of the sheep' (about 2 pm) when it is said to open. It has declined widely, so avoid wild-collected plants.

Growing Difficulty
Intermediate
Temperature
20〜28℃
Lifespan
Perennial
Size
Leaves 8–19 cm long; flowers 3–7 cm across
Watering
A little slow-release fertiliser in the growing season

About

Nymphaea tetragona (Nymphaeaceae) is a perennial floating-leaved plant and the only water lily native to Japan. It ranges across north-western North America, north-eastern Europe, Siberia, East Asia and northern India; in Japan it grows from Hokkaido to Kyushu in neutral to slightly acidic, nutrient-poor ponds, lakes and ditches. Its Japanese name is usually explained by the flowers opening around the 'hour of the sheep' (about 2 pm). Long stalks rise from a short, thick, unbranched rhizome to oval to elliptic leaves 8–19 cm long, deeply notched at the base and red-purple beneath. From June to September white flowers 3–7 cm across open on the surface, opening and closing for two to three days; afterwards the stalk coils and the fruit ripens under water. The rhizome does not branch, so plants do not multiply vegetatively and are propagated from seed. Smaller than garden hybrids, it is easy to grow in pots and jars. Hybrid garden water lilies are a Priority Control Alien Species in Japan, but this native species is not. Many hybrids have it as a parent, however, so check the scientific name and origin if you want the native species. It is red-listed in many prefectures and already extinct in some, so do not collect it from the wild. It is vulnerable to carp and American crayfish. It is sold by garden centres that handle aquatic plants in Japan.

Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Size of the Pygmy water lily

The Pygmy water lily grows to Leaves 8–19 cm long; flowers 3–7 cm across.

Basic Info

Origin

Temperate to subarctic Northern Hemisphere (Hokkaido to Kyushu in Japan)

Lifespan

Perennial

Size

Leaves 8–19 cm long; flowers 3–7 cm across

Temperature

20〜28℃

Watering & Fertilizer

A little slow-release fertiliser in the growing season

Growing Tips

Lighting

Like other hardy water lilies, give at least half a day, ideally a full day, of direct sun.

CO2 & Fertilizer

It grows naturally in nutrient-poor water, so feed sparingly with slow-release tablets pushed into the soil.

Water Temperature & Quality

Cold-hardy; overwinter outdoors in standing water without letting the rhizome freeze. Natural habitats are neutral to slightly acidic.

Substrate & Attachment

Plant in paddy or arakida soil with about 10 cm of water over the crown.

Trimming & Propagation

It does not multiply by rhizome; propagate from seed.

Cautions

Red-listed in many prefectures: buy cultivated plants and never collect wild ones, and check the scientific name to avoid hybrids. Carp and crayfish eat it. Do not plant or dump it in natural waters.

Native to JapanBiotopeFloweringFloating-leaved

Pygmy water lily FAQ

QWhat is the growing difficulty level for Pygmy water lily?
A

Intermediate. A variety suitable for intermediate growers. Requires some cultivation experience and knowledge of environment management. Pay careful attention to temperature and humidity control.

QHow large does Pygmy water lily get?
A

The mature size of Pygmy water lily is Leaves 8–19 cm long; flowers 3–7 cm across. This may vary slightly depending on cultivation environment and individual differences.

QHow should I water and fertilize Pygmy water lily?
A

Pygmy water lily: watering & fertilizer — A little slow-release fertiliser in the growing season. Aim for appropriate frequency and amount.

QWhat is the typical price for Pygmy water lily?
A

The price of Pygmy water lily varies significantly by variety, characteristics, size, and lineage. Please check GrowerDirect's price guide for the latest market information.

Last updated: September 23, 2026

References & Sources

Edited & verified by: GrowerDirect Editorial Team

The classifications, regulations, and growing data on this page are created and verified based on the primary information database below.

Primary sources

Taxonomy & Authority

Accepted name: Nymphaea tetragona Georgi

Synonyms: Castalia tetragona (Georgi) G.Lawson, Nymphaea crassifolia (Hand.-Mazz.) Nakai

Authority databases: GBIF · GBIF

Nomenclature follows global taxonomic authority databases.

Regulations & Conservation Status

Not CITES-listed

Not listed in CITES (no match in Species+). Not regulated under Japan's Invasive Alien Species Act or Species Conservation Act. The Priority Control Alien Species listing covers hybrid garden water lilies (Nymphaea cv.), not this native species. It is red-listed in many prefectures, so do not collect it from the wild. Do not plant or dump it in ponds, rivers or ditches; dry unwanted plants before disposing of them as household waste.

Sources: Species+ (CITES listing check) / Ministry of the Environment: list of Invasive Alien Species (Invasive Alien Species Act) / Ministry of the Environment: alien species list, plants (2nd ed.)

Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.

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