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Aquatic Plant Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia of popular aquatic plants with care guides, traits, and aquascaping tips.

Showing 67 of 67 species(124)

Alternanthera Reineckii© No machine-readable author provided. Rchampagne assumed (based on copyright claims). / Public domain

Alternanthera Reineckii

Alternanthera reineckii

Intermediate

A stem plant coloring deep red to pink. Creates vivid accent color among green aquatic plants.

AlternantheraRed typeStem plant
Alternanthera Reineckii Mini

Alternanthera Reineckii Mini

Alternanthera reineckii

Intermediate

A compact red aquatic plant perfect for foreground to midground accent color.

Aquatic PlantRedCompact
Amazon Frogbit

Amazon Frogbit

Limnobium laevigatum

Beginner

Charming floating plant with round leaves. Simply float on surface for easy care. Long trailing roots provide shelter for fry and shrimp. Excellent water purification.

Beginner-friendlyFloatingWater purifying
Amazon Sword

Amazon Sword

Beginner

A representative aquatic plant with large sword-shaped leaves. Gives strong presence as background centerpiece.

Amazon SwordBackgroundLarge

Ambulia

Limnophila sessiliflora

Beginner

A beautiful stem plant with delicate needle-like leaves. Grows without CO2, beginner-friendly background plant.

AmbuliaNeedle leafBackground

Anubias Nana

Anubias barteri var. nana

Beginner

Hardy shade plant from Africa. Typically attached to driftwood or rocks. Thrives without CO2 in low light — ideal for beginners. Very slow growth keeps layouts stable.

Beginner-friendlyShade plantAttached
Anubias Nana Petite

Anubias Nana Petite

Anubias barteri var. nana

Beginner

An even smaller variety of Anubias Nana. Tiny densely packed leaves, ideal for nano tanks.

Anubias PetiteUltra smallEpiphyte
Banana Plant

Banana Plant

Nymphoides aquatica

Beginner

A unique plant with banana-bunch-like tubers. Charming when producing floating leaves.

Banana PlantTuberUnique
Blyxa japonica

Blyxa japonica

Blyxa japonica

Intermediate

Beautiful rosette plant native to Japan. Thin leaves spread radially, adding movement to midground layouts. Takes on reddish hue with CO2 — very attractive.

IntermediateRosetteJapan native
Bolbitis© Daderot / Public domain

Bolbitis

Bolbitis heudelotii

Intermediate

Fern with beautiful deeply lobed dark green leaves. Epiphytic, attached to driftwood. Creates mature, refined aquascape.

FernEpiphyticRefined beauty
Bucephalandra

Bucephalandra

Intermediate

Epiphytic plant endemic to Borneo. Unique texture and iridescent leaves popular with collectors. Slow but hardy.

EpiphyticBorneo endemicCollectible
Bucephalandra 'Brownie Ghost'

Bucephalandra 'Brownie Ghost'

Bucephalandra sp. 'Brownie Ghost'

Intermediate

A popular Bucephalandra variety with ghostly translucent leaves. Epiphytic, attached to driftwood or rocks. Very slow-growing but the unique iridescence is prized by collectors.

BucephalandraEpiphyticRare

Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana

Beginner

A stem plant with beautiful delicate fan-shaped leaves. A longtime staple of goldfish tanks.

CabombaFan leavesGoldfish tank
Christmas Moss

Christmas Moss

Vesicularia montagnei

Beginner

A moss branching in triangle like Christmas tree. Creates more three-dimensional scape than regular moss.

ChristmasTriangleMoss
Cryptocoryne

Cryptocoryne

Beginner

Root-dwelling plant from Southeast Asia. Many varieties with subtle beauty. May melt with environmental changes but recovers.

Many varietiesHardyLow light OK
Cryptocoryne parva

Cryptocoryne parva

Cryptocoryne parva

Intermediate

The smallest Cryptocoryne species. Used as a foreground plant, growing very slowly. Once established it is hardy and easy to maintain. Grows without CO2 in low light.

CryptocoryneSmallForeground

Cryptocoryne Wendtii

Cryptocoryne wendtii

Beginner

A hardy Cryptocoryne from Sri Lanka. Calm brown to green tones ideal for midground placement.

CryptocoryneMidgroundHardy
Didiplis diandra

Didiplis diandra

Didiplis diandra

Intermediate

Small North American stem plant. Tiny opposite leaves grow densely, turning red-orange under high light. Somewhat slow growth, ideal for midground. Hardy despite delicate appearance.

IntermediateStem plantRed
Downoi© No machine-readable author provided. S.Tanaka~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims). / Public domain

Downoi

Pogostemon helferi

Intermediate

A beautiful foreground-midground plant with star-shaped wavy leaves. A unique aquatic plant from Thailand.

DownoiStar shapeWavy leaf
Dwarf Hairgrass

Dwarf Hairgrass

Eleocharis parvula

Intermediate

A foreground plant with fine thread-like leaves spreading as a carpet. Propagates by runners across wide areas. Creates beautiful green carpet with CO2 and adequate light. Grows well in sandy substrates.

HairgrassForegroundCarpet
Dwarf Sagittaria

Dwarf Sagittaria

Sagittaria subulata

Beginner

A foreground-midground plant growing densely like lawn. Very hardy, spreads quickly by runners.

SagittariaLawn-likeHardy
Echinodorus (Amazon Sword)

Echinodorus (Amazon Sword)

Beginner

Representative large aquatic plant also called Amazon Sword. Ideal for mid to background. Propagates by runners, easy for beginners.

Large plantBackgroundHardy
Elatine hydropiper

Elatine hydropiper

Elatine hydropiper

Advanced

Adorable tiny round-leaved foreground plant. Even smaller than Glossostigma, creating a delicate green carpet. Needs high light and CO2 but looks great in compact tanks.

AdvancedForegroundCarpet
Eriocaulon aquaticum

Eriocaulon aquaticum

Eriocaulon aquaticum

Advanced

Sea urchin-like radial leaves make this a striking high-difficulty plant. Demands soft water, low pH, high light, and CO2. Small rosette ideal for foreground. Popular among enthusiasts.

AdvancedRosetteSoft water required

Aquatic Plant FAQ

How much do aquatic plants cost?
Common Rotala and Anubias cost 300-1,000 yen, Bucephalandra 1,000-5,000 yen, and rare wild-collected specimens 5,000-20,000+ yen depending on species.
Can beginners grow aquatic plants?
Anubias Nana and Java Moss require no CO2 injection and grow in low light, making them ideal for beginners. Start with hardy shade-loving plants.
What equipment is needed for aquatic plants?
A tank, LED light, filter, and aqua soil are the basics. For advanced layouts, CO2 injection and high-performance lighting significantly improve growth and coloration.
What should I check when buying aquatic plants?
Ensure leaves are green and healthy, not melting or dying, and free of snails or pests. Tissue-cultured cups are pest-free and reliable.
Why do aquatic plants die?
Insufficient light, CO2, or nutrients are the main causes. Each species has different requirements, so matching the environment to your specific plants is essential.