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Aquatic Plant Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia of popular aquatic plants with care guides, traits, and aquascaping tips.

Showing 77 of 127 species(1–24)

African onion plant

Crinum calamistratum

Beginner

A Cameroonian aquatic plant that grows long, narrow, crinkled dark green ribbon leaves from a small bulb. Leaves reach 40–120 cm in aquaria and stream in the current. Slow but tough, and herbivorous fish leave it alone.

BulbBackgroundBeginner
Amazon Frogbit

Amazon Frogbit

Limnobium laevigatum

Beginner

Charming floating plant with round leaves. Simply float on surface for easy care. Long trailing roots provide shelter for fry and shrimp. Excellent water purification.

Beginner-friendlyFloatingWater purifying
Amazon Sword

Amazon Sword

Aquarius grisebachii

Beginner

A representative aquatic plant with large sword-shaped leaves. Gives strong presence as background centerpiece.

Amazon SwordBackgroundLarge

Ambulia

Limnophila sessiliflora

Beginner

A hardy background stem plant that grows without added CO2. To propagate, cut the top 5-10cm of a stem, strip the lower leaves and push it back into the substrate; it roots readily. Its feathery whorled leaves give a soft look.

AmbuliaNeedle leafBackground
Anubias barteri var. barteri

Anubias barteri var. barteri

Anubias barteri var. barteri

Beginner

The type variety of Anubias barteri, with broad, thick, leathery leaves. It grows larger than var. nana and even young plants can be told apart by their longer petioles. Tough enough to survive herbivorous fish and dim tanks.

Shade-tolerantEpiphyteBeginner

Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia

Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia

Beginner

The largest variety of Anubias barteri, whose mature leaves have a deeply heart-shaped base. Leaves are paler and softer than var. barteri, and because they live for years a clump can exceed 50 cm across within a few years.

Shade-tolerantLargeHeart-shaped leaves
Anubias barteri var. coffeifolia

Anubias barteri var. coffeifolia

Anubias barteri var. coffeifolia

Beginner

An Anubias whose leaf blades bulge strongly between the veins, like coffee leaves. New leaves emerge orange- to red-brown and turn dark green. It often flowers under water.

Shade-tolerantEpiphyteRed-brown new leaves

Anubias barteri var. glabra

Anubias barteri var. glabra

Beginner

A variety of Anubias barteri with elliptic to narrowly lanceolate leaves, slimmer than the rounded nana or var. barteri. Also traded as 'minima' or 'lanceolata'. Very tough and happy in shade.

Shade-tolerantEpiphyteNarrow leaves
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Anubias barteri var. nana 'Bonsai'

Anubias barteri var. nana 'Bonsai'

Beginner

A dwarf selection of Anubias nana. At about 5 cm tall its small leaves pack tightly into a compact, bonsai-like mound, suitable for stones and wood even in tanks of around 10 litres.

Shade-tolerantEpiphyteMiniature
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Anubias barteri var. nana 'Gold'

Anubias barteri var. nana 'Golden'

Beginner

A selection of Anubias nana whose new leaves emerge light green to golden yellow, clearly unlike the dark green standard form. Leaves darken in weak light. It traces back to a mutant found at a Taiwanese nursery.

Shade-tolerantEpiphyteGolden leaves
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Anubias barteri var. nana 'Pangolino'

Anubias barteri var. nana 'Pangolino'

Beginner

A nana selection with some of the smallest leaves of any Anubias. Narrow dark green leaves overlap like the scales of a pangolin. Selected from 'Bonsai' stock, it suits the hardscape of nano tanks.

Shade-tolerantEpiphyteMiniature

Anubias heterophylla

Anubias heterophylla

Beginner

A large Anubias carrying elliptic to lanceolate leathery blades on long petioles, the margins often somewhat wavy. Naturally a marsh plant, it grows permanently submerged too, staying smaller than on land.

LargeShade-tolerantBackground

Anubias Nana

Anubias barteri var. nana

Beginner

Hardy shade plant from Africa. Typically attached to driftwood or rocks. Thrives without CO2 in low light — ideal for beginners. Very slow growth keeps layouts stable.

Beginner-friendlyShade plantAttached
Anubias Nana Petite

Anubias Nana Petite

Anubias barteri var. nana 'Petite'

Beginner

An even smaller variety of Anubias Nana. Tiny densely packed leaves, ideal for nano tanks.

Anubias PetiteUltra smallEpiphyte

Aponogeton crispus

Aponogeton crispus

Beginner

A large Sri Lankan aquatic plant that grows a rosette of long, wavy-edged leaves from a tuber. It needs no dormant period in aquaria and often flowers, but its leaves can reach the surface, so it suits larger tanks.

BulbBackgroundBeginner
Banana Plant

Banana Plant

Nymphoides aquatica

Beginner

A unique plant with banana-bunch-like thick storage roots. Charming when producing floating leaves.

Banana PlantTuberUnique

Brazilian waterweed

Egeria densa

Beginner

The classic goldfish weed (Japanese name Ōkanadamo), with narrow leaves in whorls of three to six at each node. It tolerates cold and poor water and grows even floating loose. Naturalised in rivers and lakes across Japan and listed as a Priority Control Alien Species.

Goldfish weedBeginnerInvasive alien
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Bucephalandra sp. 'Kedagang'

Bucephalandra sp. 'Kedagang'

Beginner

A Bornean Bucephalandra with narrow, strongly wavy dark leaves sprinkled with silvery dots, wine-red rhizomes and young petioles, and a blue metallic sheen underwater. Relatively vigorous for a Buce.

BucephalandraEpiphyteShade-tolerant
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Bucephalandra sp. 'Theia'

Bucephalandra sp. 'Theia'

Beginner

A traded Bucephalandra with dense obovate, round-tipped leaves. Submerged leaves are red-brown to purple with a bluish sheen and silvery stomatal dots. It branches into a low, compact clump.

BucephalandraEpiphyteShade-tolerant

Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana

Beginner

A stem plant with beautiful delicate fan-shaped leaves. A longtime staple of goldfish tanks.

CabombaFan leavesGoldfish tank
Christmas Moss

Christmas Moss

Vesicularia montagnei

Beginner

A moss branching in triangle like Christmas tree. Creates more three-dimensional scape than regular moss.

ChristmasTriangleMoss
Cryptocoryne

Cryptocoryne

Cryptocoryne

Beginner

Root-dwelling plant from Southeast Asia. Many varieties with subtle beauty. May melt with environmental changes but recovers.

Many varietiesHardyLow light OK

Cryptocoryne × willisii

Cryptocoryne × willisii

Beginner

A small Sri Lankan Cryptocoryne considered a natural hybrid complex. Plain mid-green, narrow leaves resemble C. parva but it is larger and more vigorous, spreading by runners into low fore- to midground stands.

CryptocoryneSmallFore- to midground
Cryptocoryne affinis

Cryptocoryne affinis

Cryptocoryne affinis

Beginner

A Malay Peninsula Cryptocoryne with silky dark green leaves, a pale midrib and a wine-red to purple underside. It grows in low light without CO2 and spreads by underground runners into dense stands.

CryptocoryneRosette plantLow-tech

Aquatic Plant FAQ

How much do aquatic plants cost?
Common Rotala and Anubias cost 300-1,000 yen, Bucephalandra 1,000-5,000 yen, and rare wild-collected specimens 5,000-20,000+ yen depending on species.
Can beginners grow aquatic plants?
Anubias Nana and Java Moss require no CO2 injection and grow in low light, making them ideal for beginners. Start with hardy shade-loving plants.
What equipment is needed for aquatic plants?
A tank, LED light, filter, and aqua soil are the basics. For advanced layouts, CO2 injection and high-performance lighting significantly improve growth and coloration.
What should I check when buying aquatic plants?
Ensure leaves are green and healthy, not melting or dying, and free of snails or pests. Tissue-cultured cups are pest-free and reliable.
Why do aquatic plants die?
Insufficient light, CO2, or nutrients are the main causes. Each species has different requirements, so matching the environment to your specific plants is essential.