
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Atsumori-so
AdvancedCypripedium macranthos var. speciosum
Japan's atsumori-so, bearing a large red-purple pouched flower at the top of the stem. It grows in grassland and open woods in cold parts of Hokkaido and Honshu and is designated a Specified Class I Nationally Rare Species; plants on sale are artificially propagated.
About
Atsumori-so (Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum) is the Japanese variety of C. macranthos, a slipper orchid ranging widely from eastern Europe to East Asia. Its Japanese name likens the pouched lip to the horo cloak worn by the warrior Taira no Atsumori, pairing it with kumagaiso, named after Kumagai Naozane. It grows in Hokkaido and Honshu, favouring cold regions and appearing at lower altitudes further north, in grassland and open woods. Plants are 30-50 cm tall with three to five alternate leaves and usually one (rarely two) red-purple pouched flowers at the top of the stem; the top dies back in winter. It has been among the most heavily poached orchids, and in 1997 it was designated a Specified Class I Nationally Rare Species under the Act on Conservation of Endangered Species. Collecting wild plants is prohibited in principle. The Specified Class I category covers species that can be bred commercially; asymbiotic seed culture, once very difficult, is now established, and plants on the market are artificially propagated. Selling or distributing it as a business requires prior notification to the Ministers of the Environment and of Agriculture (a Specified Domestic Species Business), and displays or adverts, in shops or online, must show the notification number and other details. As a plant of cold northern regions it must be kept from overheating in summer in warm areas, and it is considered very difficult to grow. It is listed as Vulnerable on the Ministry of the Environment Red List.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Size of the Atsumori-so
The Atsumori-so grows to 30-50 cm tall.
Basic Info
Origin
Japan (cold regions of Hokkaido and Honshu)
Lifespan
Perennial (little data on lifespan)
Size
30-50 cm tall
Temperature
15〜30℃
Humidity
50〜70%
Watering & Fertilizer
Sparing, dilute liquid fertilizer in the growing season
Growing Tips
Light & Placement
A plant of grassland and open woods; give good light in spring and move it to partial shade away from strong sun and heat in summer.
Watering
Keep the mix from drying out while in growth, with good drainage and airflow to prevent stagnant humidity.
Temperature & Overwintering
A cold-climate plant; in warm areas it must be kept cool in summer, and cultivation is considered very difficult. It is hardy to winter cold and should be kept cold while dormant.
Soil & Repotting
Plant it in a free-draining mix and repot while it is dormant after the top has died back.
Dormancy Care
It dies back and goes dormant in autumn; do not let the mix dry out completely during dormancy.
Pests & Cautions
A Specified Class I Nationally Rare Species; collecting wild plants is prohibited. When buying, check that the seller displays its Specified Domestic Species Business notification number and name, and choose artificially propagated plants.
Atsumori-so FAQ
QWhat is the growing difficulty level for Atsumori-so?
Advanced. A variety suitable for advanced growers. Requires advanced cultivation techniques and specialized equipment, with careful environmental adjustments needed.
QHow large does Atsumori-so get?
The mature size of Atsumori-so is 30-50 cm tall. This may vary slightly depending on cultivation environment and individual differences.
QHow should I water and fertilize Atsumori-so?
Atsumori-so: watering & fertilizer — Sparing, dilute liquid fertilizer in the growing season. Aim for appropriate frequency and amount.
QWhat is the typical price for Atsumori-so?
The price of Atsumori-so varies significantly by variety, characteristics, size, and lineage. Please check GrowerDirect's price guide for the latest market information.
Last updated: September 23, 2026
References & Sources
Edited & verified by: GrowerDirect Editorial Team
The classifications, regulations, and growing data on this page are created and verified based on the primary information database below.
Primary sources
- Wikipedia
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan: list of Nationally Rare Species
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan: Specified Domestic Species Business
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan: Specified Domestic Species Business (leaflet)
- e-Gov: Act on Conservation of Endangered Species (Articles 9, 12 and 30)
- Species+ (CITES)
- Wikipedia (English): Cypripedium macranthos
- Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia: Cypripedium macranthos
- GBIF: Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum
- GBIF (Cypripedium macranthos)
Taxonomy & Authority
Accepted name: Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum (Rolfe) Koidz.
Synonyms: Cypripedium speciosum Rolfe, Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum (Rolfe) Koidz.
Authority databases: GBIF · GBIF · GBIF (Cypripedium macranthos)
Nomenclature follows global taxonomic authority databases.
Regulations & Conservation Status
It is a Specified Class I Nationally Rare Species under the Act on Conservation of Endangered Species (designated November 1997; confirmed on the Ministry of the Environment list). Collecting wild plants is prohibited in principle. The Specified Class I category covers species that can be bred commercially, and plants on the market are artificially propagated. Anyone selling or distributing it as a business must first notify the Ministers of the Environment and of Agriculture of a Specified Domestic Species Business, and displays and adverts (including online) must show the notification number, the business name and address, and the species handled. Check for this information when buying and do not buy wild-dug plants. The whole orchid family is listed in CITES Appendix II (checked on Species+). It is listed as Vulnerable on the Ministry of the Environment Red List.
Sources: Ministry of the Environment, Japan: list of Nationally Rare Species / Ministry of the Environment, Japan: Specified Domestic Species Business / Ministry of the Environment, Japan: Specified Domestic Species Business (leaflet) / e-Gov: Act on Conservation of Endangered Species (Articles 9, 12 and 30) / Species+ (CITES)
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
Find listings for this species
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