Bonsai Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia of popular bonsai species with care guides, traits, and styling tips.
Featured Bonsai
Showing 34 of 77 species(1–24)
© Joi / CC BY 3.0Bamboo Bonsai
Bonsai of bamboo essential to Japanese gardens. Small varieties like dwarf bamboo are suitable. Cool rustling leaves and clustered thin culms create refreshing atmosphere.
Blueberry Bonsai
Vaccinium corymbosum
Rising in popularity as a fruiting bonsai. Enjoy white spring flowers, summer fruits, and autumn colors through all seasons. Key point is managing in acidic soil.
© H. Zell / CC BY-SA 3.0Chinese Banyan
Ficus microcarpa
Southeast Asian evergreen. Aerial roots develop to cover the trunk, creating a uniquely vital appearance. Easy to grow indoors, ideal for beginners' indoor bonsai.
© Ronnie Nijboer / CC0Chinese Elm
Ulmus parvifolia
A deciduous bonsai with small leaves and fine branching. Fast growth makes styling easy for beginners. Semi-evergreen, providing foliage interest year-round.
© Geographer ( talk ) / CC BY 3.0Chinese Hackberry
Celtis sinensis
Deciduous bonsai bearing small fruits in autumn. Smooth gray bark and natural form are appealing. Birds visiting for fruits add charm. Good root spread.
© MPF / CC BY-SA 4.0Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Fruiting bonsai bearing masses of small red berries. Tiny leaves and fine branching create natural bonsai form. Beautiful contrast of autumn leaves and red berries.
© Francisco Manuel Blanco (O.S.A.) / Public domainCrape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
Flowering bonsai blooming pink or white from summer to autumn. Smooth bark and twisted trunk create unique character. Named for bark so smooth even monkeys slip.
© Trew, C.J / Public domainFig
Ficus carica
Deciduous tree with distinctive large leaves and smooth white trunk. Root spread and trunk thickness are bonsai highlights. Easy to propagate from cuttings. For warm climates.
© Laitr Keiows / CC BY-SA 3.0Firethorn
Pyracantha coccinea
Fruiting bonsai laden with vivid orange-red berries in autumn. Evergreen for year-round interest. Thorny but berry display is among the best of fruiting bonsai.
© EecherplazGinkgo06.jpg : Cayambe derivative work: Ginkgotree ( talk ) / CC BY-SA 3.0Ginkgo
is also
An ancient tree called a living fossil. Fan-shaped leaves and vivid yellow autumn color are spectacular. Unique aerial roots (chichi) add interest. Hardy and beginner-friendly.
© KENPEI / CC BY-SA 3.0Hawthorn
Crataegus cuneata
Deciduous tree with white spring flowers and red autumn berries. Perfect bonsai candidate with flowers, fruit, and autumn color. Thorns require gloves when styling.
© Show_ryu / CC BY-SA 3.0Japanese Bush Clover
Kummerowia striata
One of the seven autumn flowers. Countless small purple flowers on weeping slender branches create exquisite charm. A quintessential grass-style bonsai capturing autumn spirit.
© Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini / Public domainJapanese Cedar
Cryptomeria japonica
Endemic Japanese evergreen conifer. Known for straight trunk and dense needle leaves. Looks great as formal upright or twin trunk. Some varieties turn bronze in winter.
© MichaelMaggs / CC BY-SA 2.5Japanese Crabapple
Malus × floribunda
Flowering and fruiting bonsai with white-pink spring blooms and small red autumn fruits. Double enjoyment from flowers and fruits. Hardy and beginner-friendly.
© KENPEI / CC BY-SA 3.0Japanese Holly
Ilex crenata
Evergreen bonsai with glossy dark green leaves and red berries. Autumn-winter berries are highly ornamental. Hardy and easy to grow, a representative Japanese tree.
© KENPEI / CC BY-SA 3.0Japanese Iris Bonsai
Iris ensata
Popular grass-style bonsai. Large purple or white flowers capture waterside scenery in a small pot. Beautiful with moss, creating a seasonal display for early summer.
© KENPEI / CC BY-SA 3.0Japanese Privet
Japanese privet
Evergreen with small glossy leaves in dense clusters. White flowers and dark purple berries add interest. Extremely hardy and tolerant of pruning. Good root spread.
Japanese Quince
Chaenomeles speciosa
Flowering bonsai that covers branches with red, white, or pink blooms in early spring. Develops thick trunks and aged look easily. Fruits add secondary interest.
© Aomorikuma / CC BY-SA 3.0Japanese Sumac
Toxicodendron vernicifluum
Deciduous tree with pinnate compound leaves and vivid autumn colors. Natural wild appearance with a mountain grass aesthetic. Popular as small bonsai.
© Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen / Public domainJapanese Wax Tree
Toxicodendron succedaneum
Deciduous bonsai with brilliant scarlet autumn color, among the finest in bonsai. Unique pinnate leaf silhouette. Cool summer greenery. Fast growing and easy to shape.
Japanese Winterberry
Ilex serrata
Fruiting bonsai with red berries autumn through winter. Berries persist on bare branches, adding color to winter scenery. Holly family despite ume in the name.
© Dalgial / CC BY-SA 3.0Japanese Yew
Taxus cuspidata
Named after the highest court rank in Japan. Beautiful red berries and dark green needles. Hardy in cold climates with slow growth, ideal for long-term bonsai.
© Daderot / CC0Korean Hornbeam
Carpinus turczaninowii
Deciduous tree with small leaves and fine branching. Easy to shape for bonsai with attractive brown-gold autumn color. Small leaf size makes it ideal for shohin.
© KENPEI / CC BY-SA 3.0Kumquat Bonsai
Citrus japonica
Charming citrus bonsai with clusters of small orange fruits. Fruits are edible whole. Relatively cold-hardy and easy to grow among citrus varieties.
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Bonsai FAQ
- How much do bonsai cost?
- Mini bonsai cost 1,000-5,000 yen, medium bonsai 5,000-50,000 yen, and masterpiece-class large bonsai hundreds of thousands to millions of yen depending on age, size, and form.
- Can beginners start bonsai?
- Starting with small Japanese maple, Shimpaku juniper, or Japanese white pine is recommended. With basic watering and 1-2 annual prunings, beginners can fully enjoy bonsai.
- How long do bonsai live?
- With proper care, bonsai can live for hundreds of years. Japan has many bonsai several centuries old, valued as art pieces passed down across generations.
- What should I check when buying bonsai?
- Look at root spread, trunk movement, and branch balance. Beginners may enjoy starting with affordable raw material trees and shaping them, rather than finished specimens.
- What's most important for bonsai care?
- Daily watering is the most important task. Water thoroughly when the soil surface dries, twice daily in summer (morning and evening). Keep outdoors in a spot with good airflow and sunlight.